Reusable recycable fiber drum

ABSTRACT

A fiber drum and the method of making the same having a detachable lining fabricated therewith but removable therefrom after a first use to allow for the reuse or recycling of the drum.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/854,323,filed Apr. 24, 1992, now abandoned which is division of Ser. No.07/779,364 filed Oct. 17, 1991 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,137,206.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

This invention relates to a drum used for transporting goods, and moreparticularly to a fiber drum for containing material including liquid orsemi-liquid materials which is reusable and/or recyclicable.

2. Description of Prior Art

Cylindrical containers such as drums have been used for a long time as ameans of storing or transporting a variety of materials includingpowdery or granular solids, or liquids and semi liquids. Thesecontainers are built to withstand the exigencies of transit. Thematerials stored in them are removed by first removing the top of thecontainers and then pouring or pumping the materials out.

Drums are sometimes used to store so-called semi-liquid materials suchas adhesives, lubricants, hazardous material or other material thatwould contaminate or leave contaminants in the interior surface thereof.Such drums are normally used once and then discarded since the interiorhas become contaminated with the material it contained. Disposal andeven recycling of such drums because of this is difficult. It has becomedesirable to provide drums however that may be reused or subject torecycling. The use of the plastic lined fiber drum although found to bepermanently satisfactory in many applications suffers certain draw backs

First, the drum is typically made of a plurality of fiber laminationsglued together with the coating bonded to the inner most layer. Thisinner most layer, depending upon the application, may be plain kraft,foil covered, parchment-covered, silicone treated, waxed or other typesof treatment depending upon the product to be shipped. In view of theshipped material contaminating the interior surface of the inner portionsuch recycling is difficult since the liner must be recycled separatelyfrom that of the fiber board. This makes the processing of recycling thefiber drum not only difficult but relatively unmanageable since the drummust either be processed separately or the liner removed.

As to the reusable nature of the lined drum, often times a certainamount of the contents either binds with or migrates into the liner.This may involve a toxic or hazardous material. Accordingly, thechemicals bound to the liner or which have migrated therein may serve torender reuse impossible or otherwise contaminate the contents of thedrum upon reuse.

OBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore a principle object of the invention to provide for afiber drum which is reusable and/or constructed as such that facilitatesrecycling.

It is further object to provide for a container which is readilyconvertible from its use with one material to its use in a differentapplication.

Other objectives and advantages of the invention shall become apparentin the description of the invention.

The above objectives are attained by a drum having a straight fibersidewall, neck portion and a re-enforcing ring which at least at one endis mounted on said neck. The drum is formed with a special liner whichbecomes the removable element. In this regard, the drums fabricationstarts with a sheet of fiber or kraft placed around a mandrel and heldin place by vacuum. This sheet may be plain, foil covered, parchmentcovered etc. as aforesaid depending upon its compatibility with thecontents. To this is added one or more layers of paper which is cut andironed down. About this unglued fiber drum paper is added. After onefull lamination of unglued paper is added around the thin first shellglue is applied with additional laminations added until a conventional10 or 11 lamination shell is fabricated. Chimes are placed on the topand bottom and covers fastened. The drum can now be used to contain awide variety of material. If after use the end user wishes to reuse thedrum for a different product etc. the top and bottom covers are removedand replaced. To remove the plastic lining, a knife may be used insidethe top and bottom chime to cut through the layers attached to thelining, usually one or two. It is now possible to lift out the liningsince these layers are not glued to the remaining ones and may bedisposed of. The covers which may be similarly lined with a removableportion which is stripped therefrom particularly the bottom cover whichmay be permanently affixed to the side wall and or replaced dependingupon the type of drum and the manner the covers are affixed. The drumcould no be used for some other purpose. If the drum is to be recycledint fiber board again, the metal chime at the top can be stripped of thebottom pushed out, and the bottom chime could be removed. Thecontaminated inner portion can then be stripped off with this smallpercentage of the entire drum disposed of within hazardous materialregulations with the remainder sent for recycling.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Thus by the present invention, its objects and advantages will berealized, the description of which should be taken in conjunction withthe drawings wherein;

FIG. 1 shows exploded view of a drum constructed in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 2, is a partial side sectional view of the top of the drum;

FIG. 2A is a partial side sectional view of the top of a drum having adifferent construction;

FIG. 3, shows a partial sectional view of a side wall and bottom of adrum; and

FIG. 4, shows an enlarged sectional view of the sidewall of the drumconstructed in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Turning now more particularly to the drawings, as illustrated in FIG. 1,drum 10 comprises a convolutely wound cylindrical shell 12 which is madeout of fiber. At its upper end, the shell is continuously connected witha neck 14 (see FIG. 2) comprising a substantially horizontal rim 15 anda vertical sidewall 16. The shell may be preformed or the upper end maybe formed after a uniform cylindrical hell is formed.

FIG. 2 illustrates one version of a drum top construction is shown whichis useful when using a plunger device (e.g. Van Riper Jr. U.S. Pat. No.3,412,903) to empty the drum. It should be noted that this version isused merely an example. In this regard a top chime 20 is formed from ametal strip of suitable dimensions and thickness which is joined at theends. The chime is coated at least on its outer surface with a suitablerust-resistant material. The chime 20 includes an outer wall 22 whichfollows the contour of neck 12 so that at its lower portion 24 it iscoextensive with the main sidewall of shell 12. The chime also has a topring 26 which is curled over the top lip 28 of the neck as shown.

The drum 10 is also provided with preformed or molded fiber drum cover30. Drum cover 30 has an outer rim 32 which has a substantiallysemicircular cross-section to conform to the chime ring 26. In addition,the drum cover is also provided with a substantially axially orientedcylindrical wall 34 disposed radially inwardly from outer rim 32. Thisinner wall has an outer surface dimensioned to conform to inner wall 36of the shell 12. Thus, as the drum cover 30 is placed on drum shell (asindicated in phantom lines 31 in FIG. 2) a double seal is formed betweenthe drum cover 30 and the shell 12: one between rim 32 and ring 26 and asecond between walls 36 and 34.

The cover 30 may be affixed to the drum shell by a lock rim 38 (FIG. 1)which includes locking means 40 to tighten the rim after it has beenpositioned on the shell thereby securing the cover 30 to shell 12.

Preferably, the drum includes a second drum cover 42 which is secured tothe bottom of the shell 12 by a second lock rim 44 (see FIG. 1).Alternatively, the second cover 42 may be permanently attached to theshell bottom in the normal manner as shown in FIG. 3.

As to FIG. 2A, this shows a top construction of the drum 10 and cover 30that different from that shown in FIG. 2 and again is shown forillustration. Like parts have been similarly been numbered anddesignated with a prime. The chime 20' in this construction includes aportion that is bent in at 37 rather then the smooth transition shown inFIG. 2. In both constructions, a smooth uninterrupted interior wall 36is provided below the neck portion.

After the shell has been fitted with a bottom cover, it is filled with amaterial 46 as shown in FIG. 2. After filling, the drum cover is fittedwith the top cover 30 and is ready for storage or shipping.

In order to unload the drum, cover 30 is removed by opening the lock 40and lifting lock rim 38. The material 46 is then removed by a variety ofmeans.

Turning now more particularly to the fabrication of shell 12 and cover42, the inner portion 48 may comprise a combination of fiber layers plusplastic or can be plain kraft, foil covered, parchment covered, siliconetreated, waxed or any other treatment or barrier coating suitable forpurpose. For purposes of illustration, a three layered construction isshown. In this regard, a silicone treated plastic covered sheet 50 offiber placed around a typical forming mandrel and held in place by atypical vacuum system. One or two layers of paper 52 and 54 or kraft arewound around and the paper layers 52 and 54 are cut and iron down,creating a very thin two or three lamination fiber drum shell. To thisis added unglued fiber drum paper material with its leading edge tapeddown to this thin shell, which is positioned on the mandrel. Afterwrapping one full lamination of unglued paper around the thin firstshell, glue is applied and layers added to create the typical 10 or 11lamination shell. These additional layers are generally indicated by thenumeral 56. The result is that the shell 12 comprises approximatelythree layers, the inner most of which may be coated as aforesaid, whichare glued together to create a plastic liner. In addition the shell 12includes approximately nine layers of kraft which are glued together butnot glued to the liner. The covers 30 and particularly bottom cover 42will include a similarly constructed inner portion or lining as shown inFIGS. 2 and 3.

The chimes 20 are then placed on the top and the bottom with covers 30and 42 placed on the drum. Again cover 42 may be permanently affixed tothe side wall as shown in FIG. 3.

When the contents of the drum are depleted, the inside surface of thedrum is still contaminated with the material previously containedtherein. Depending on the particular construction of the inner portion,this itself would contain plastic or the other coating material used.The user however can take the following steps to render the drumreusable and/or facilitate recycling.

In this regard, a very sharp knife 58 is applied to cut through thelayers of fiber right up against the curled inwardly portion of themetal chime 20. The knife 58 cuts just through the three or so layersmaking up the lining as the drum is rotated. At the bottom, knife 60cuts through to remove the inner portion 48 of both the side wall andthe inner portion of bottom cover 42. Once this has been freed, the thinshell may be disengaged from the rest of the side wall and bottom sincethe remaining laminations 56 were not glued to layers 48. What remainswhen the liner is removed is a drum shell with a plain, clean,uncontaminated interior, which can be made into a new fiber drum by theaddition of a new top cover. Alternatively, in addition to removing theplastic lining, the chime can be stripped off the top of the drum, thebottom pushed out and the bottom chime removed. The interior portion ofthe side wall and bottom are removed and disposed of with the remainingshell subject to recycling into fiber board with the lining disposed ofseparately.

Thus by the present invention, its objects and advantages are realizedand although a preferred embodiment has been disclosed and described indetail herein, its scope should not be limited thereby, rather its scopeshould be determined by that of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of making a removably lined fiber drumcomprising the steps of:providing a sheet of fiber and forming it into acylindrical shape which defines the interior cylindrical portion of thedrum; winding about said sheet at least one or two sheets of fiber andlaminating them therewith to create a thin shell; winding about saidshell additional fiber sheets coextensive with said shell and laminatingsaid fiber sheets together but not to the shell to create thecylindrical shell of the drum; providing a metal chime at each end ofthe formed cylindrical shell of the drum to bind all the sheets togetherat each end; and removing the thin shell after use by cutting throughsaid thin shell immediately at the chimes adjacent each end about thecircumference of the cylindrical shell at a sufficient depth to allowthe thin shell to be detached from the laminated fiber sheets notlaminated to the thin shell.
 2. The method in accordance with claim 1,which includes the step of coating said sheet with a substantiallyimpervious material such as plastic, foil, parchment, silicone or wax.3. The method in accordance with claim 2, which includes the step ofproviding a bottom constructed in substantially the same cross sectionas the cylindrical shell.
 4. The method in accordance with claim 3,wherein the top cover is detachable.
 5. The method in accordance withclaim 1 which includes removing the thin shell from the bottom.
 6. Themethod in accordance with claim 5, which includes the step of removingthe metal chimes so as to allow for the recycling of the fibercylindrical shell of the drum.